General info about Fruit
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching - m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals - cm long and - cm broad on a - cm petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Flowers are produced in spring simultaneous with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white, five petaled, .-. cm in diameter, white with a pink tinge that gradually fades. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically - cm diameter (rarely up to cm). The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
Origin of name
The word “apple” comes from the Old English word æppel, which in turn has recognisable cognates in a number of the northern branches of the Indo-European language family. The prevailing theory is that “apple” may be one of the most ancient Indo-European words (*abl-) to come down to English in a recognisable form.[citation needed] The scientific name malus, on the other hand, comes from the Latin word for apple, and ultimately from the archaic Greek mālon (mēlon in later dialects). The legendary placename Avalon is thought to come from a Celtic evolution of the same root as the English “apple”; the name of the town of Avellino, near Naples in Italy is likewise thought to come from the same root via the Italic languages. Linnaeus assigned the apple to the genus Pyrus, along with pears and quinces. Philip Miller subsequently separated the apple into its own genus, a division repeatedly ratified over many years.
Ways to prepare and serve the Fruit
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Fruit.
Edible Uses: Oil; Pectin.
Fruit - raw, cooked or dried for later use. Apples are one of the most common and widely grown fruits of the temperate zone. There are a great many named varieties with differing flavours ranging from sour to sweet and textures from dry and mealy to crisp and juicy. There is also a wide range in the seasons of ripening with the first fruits being ready in late July whilst other cultivars are not picked until late autumn and will store for months or sometimes more. See individual records for more details. The fruit of some cultivars is rich in pectin and can be used in helping other fruits to set when making jam etc. Pectin is also said to protect the body against radiation. An edible oil can be obtained from the seed. It would only really be viable to use these seeds as an oil source if the fruit was being used for some purpose such as making cider and then the seeds could be extracted from the remaining pulp.
Health Benefits and Warnings of eating Fruit
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial; Astringent; Laxative; Odontalgic; Stomachic.
The fruit is astringent and laxative. The bark, and especially the root bark, is anthelmintic, refrigerant and soporific. An infusion is used in the treatment of intermittent, remittent and bilious fevers. The leaves contain up to .% of an antibacterial substance called ‘phloretin’. This inhibits the growth of a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in as low a concentration as ppm. A ripe raw apple is one of the easiest foods for the stomach to deal with, the whole process of digestion taking about minutes. The apple juice will reduce the acidity of the stomach, it becomes changed into alkaline carbonates and thus corrects sour fermentation. The apple is also an excellent dentifrice, the mechanical action of eating a fruit serving to clean both the teeth and the gums.
An old proverb attests to the health benefits of the fruit: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Research suggests that apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Like many fruits, apples contain Vitamin C as well as a host of other antioxidant compounds, which may reduce the risk of cancer by preventing DNA damage. The fibre content, while less than in most other fruits, helps regulate bowel movements and may thus reduce the risk of colon cancer. They may also help with heart disease, weight loss and controlling cholesterol, as they do not have any cholesterol, have fibre (which reduces cholesterol by preventing reabsorption), and are bulky for their caloric content like most fruits and vegetables.
A group of chemicals in apples could protect the brain from the type of damage that triggers such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer’s and Parkinsonism. Chang Y. ‘Cy’ Lee of the Cornell University found that the apple phenolics, which are naturally occurring antioxidants found in fresh apples, can protect nerve cells from neurotoxicity induced by oxidative stress. The researchers used red delicious apples from New York State to provide the extracts to study the effects of phytochemicals. Lee said that all apples are high in the critical phytonutrients and that the amount of phenolic compounds in the apple flesh and in the skin vary from year to year, season to season and from growing region to growing region (November/December issue of the Journal of Food Science). The predominant phenolic phytochemicals in apples are quercetin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B.
The seeds are mildly poisonous, containing a small amount of amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, but a large amount would need to be chewed to have any toxic effect.
Pesticide contamination is linked to an increasing number of diseases, and they are mostly found on the outside of fruits and vegetables. Washing or peeling before eating may reduce pesticide intake but peeling will also reduce the intake of the beneficial nutrients.
Apple consumption can help remove trapped food and clean between the teeth, but the malic acid contained within the fruit is also capable of eroding tooth enamel over time, and through excess consumption.
Other Uses
Lighting; Oil; Teeth; Wood.
The fruit is a source of pectin. Pectin is used as a thickener in jams etc and as a culture medium in laboratories. The apple is also an excellent dentifrice, the mechanical action of eating a fruit serving to clean both the teeth and the gums. The oil from the seed has been used as an illuminant. Wood - hard, compact, fine-grained. Used for turnery, tool handles, canes etc. It makes an excellent fuel.
Classification
Cultivars
‘Adams Pearmain’
A medium-size fruit with creamy white flesh that is crisp, juicy and aromatic. Of excellent quality, it is in season from November to March. The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible. The tree is moderately vigorous, wide-spreading, partially tip-bearing and tends towards biennial bearing. A very hardy tree, suitable for cold exposed situations. It thrives in all soils. Full flower day . Self-compatible.
‘Alfriston’
A cooking apple, the flesh is soft, sub-acid with a pear like flavour and is very juicy. In season from November to April. A moderate-sized tree, it is vigorous, disease resistant and a good cropper. Full flower day .
‘Allen’s Everlasting’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, sweet, subacid with an excellent flavour. The skin is thin and tough. In season from December to May. A small upright tree, it is a fairly good cropper. Full flower day . Harvest as late in the season as possible.
‘Annie Elizabeth’
A cooking apple, the flesh is soft white and acid. A compact tree of upright growth, it makes a good standard. It grows well in the north of Britain and quickly comes into bearing. It resists scab, but is subject to mildew. Full flower day , the fruit is best harvested at the end of November, though the fruit is inclined to drop before this. It is self-compatible.
‘Ard Cairn Russet’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, dry and sweet. A moderately sized tree with vigorous upright growth. It crops well. Resists scab. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Arthur Turner’
A cooking apple with a large fruit and a rather dry pleasantly acid flesh. It ripens early and also hangs well on the tree and stores well. In season from July to November. An upright tree of moderate to vigorous growth. It crops regularly and heavily. Fairly resistant to scab, it grows well in cold areas. Very ornamental when in flower. Prune the laterals to or buds. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use.
‘Ashmead’s Kernel’
A medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, juicy, highly aromatic and subacid. Of excellent quality and flavour, it is in season from November to May. A moderately vigorous large upright-spreading tree, it crops irregularly. The laterals should be shortened to or buds. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or later.
‘Baker’s Delicious’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, sweet and aromatic. In season August and September. A compact tree of vigorous growth, it is easily managed and crops fairly well even on young trees. Disease resistant. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required, if picked in early September it will store for weeks].
‘Barnack Beauty’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is crisp, juicy, subacid to sweet with a fair flavour. In season from December to March. A hardy vigorous tree, the branches are thin and spreading. It grows and crops well on a dry chalky soil, though it does not do so well when not on chalk. A tip bearer. Full flower day , it should be harvested in November.
'Belle de Boskoop
A medium to large dual-purpose apple, the flesh is aromatic, firm coarse and rather dry. Good for dessert, it is excellent cooked and is in season from December to April. A vigorous upright spreading tree, it is spur-bearing and slow to come into cropping, but is then productive. It resists scab and canker and grows well in grass. A triploid, so it needs two other cultivats for pollination. Full flower day , the fruit should be harvested in mid October.
‘Bess Pool’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is firm, dry, sweet and aromatic. In season from November to May. A hardy and vigorous tree with upright growth, it makes a good standard. Cropping is light at first but the tree then becomes more productive, though cropping remains irregular. Full flower day .
‘Blenheim Orange’
A medium to large dual purpose apple, the flesh is firm but tender, crisp, sub-acid with a distinctive nutty flavour. It is sometimes dry. An apple for the connoisseur. A huge vigorous spreading tree, it is slow to come into bearing, though it can then crop quite well. It prefers a grass orchard. Dislikes areas with high rainfall and is susceptible to scab. Resists mildew. The flowers are susceptible to frost damage. Prune laterals to or buds. This cultivar breeds fairly true from seed. Full flower day . The plant is a triploid so needs two other cultivars to fertilize it. Harvest the fruit in mid October.
‘Braddick’s Nonpareil’
A dessert apple, it is sweet, juicy, rich and aromatic. In season from January to April. A very small tree, it is apt to overcrop. Full flower very early. The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Bramley Seedling’
A large-fruited cooking apple that stores well and can be used for desert in the spring when its taste has mellowed[K]. The flesh is firm, juicy and acid at first, but becomes much less acid, drier and mealy with storage[K]. In season from October to May. A very large and vigorous tree that is slow to come into bearing but then crops heavily but is inclined to be biennial. One report says that it resists scab, whilst another says that it is susceptible to scab. The blossom is very susceptible to frost damage. A tip bearer. Full flower day . The plant is triploid and will need at least two other cultivars growing nearby for pollination. Harvest it in October.
‘Brownlee’s Russet’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is tender, subacid and aromatic. In season from January to April. An upright compact tree, it is very hardy, succeeding in cold poorly drained soils. It is virtually disease free. Cropping is irregular according to one report, whilst others say that it crops prolifically. Full flower day , harvest the fruit in mid October or later.
‘Cellini’
A medium-size cooking apple. The flesh is tender, sub-acid with an unusual resinous flavour that is liked by some. In season from October to November. A stocky slightly spreading tree, it is very productive. Full flower day .
‘Charles Ross’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is tender, juicy, fairly sweet with a pleasant flavour. In season from the end of September to November, it does not store well, becoming dry with age. A compact tree, it is upright with spreading branches. Succeeds on shallow soils over chalk and also in the north. Cropping is good and regular. Resists scab, but is susceptible to capsid bug. Full flower day , harvest the fruit from September to mid October.
‘Christmas Pearmain’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp and juicy. Not in the first rank for flavour, it is sometimes astringent. In season from November to February. A neat upright compact tree, it is very hardy and succeeds in cold clay soils as well as in exposed positions. It crops heavily, but is inclined to biennial bearing. a disease-free tree. Full flower early. Harvest the fruit in November.
‘Claygate Pearmain’
A medium-large dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, juicy and aromatic with a rich almost nutty flavour[, , , ]. In season from December to March. A small compact tree, suitable for small gardens, it is vigorous and upright-spreading, coming into bearing very young and then cropping abundantly[, , , ]. Grows well in the West Country. Resists scab. Full flower day , the fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible, even when covered in frost in December.
‘Cockle Pippin’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, sweet to subacid and aromatic. A first class flavour. In season December to May. A small tree of weak growth, it has upright thin shoots. It prefers a heavy loam and grows best in the warmer parts of the country. A heavy cropping tree. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Cornish Aromatic’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is aromatic crisp, tender and dry with a delicious nut-like flavour. In season October to March. A compact twiggy tree. Suitable for areas with high rainfall. Resists scab and canker. It is not a heavy cropper, but is reliable. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Cornish Gillyflower’
A medium-large dessert apple, the flesh is very firm and juicy with a clove-like perfume, the flavour is sweet and rich. Of excellent quality, it is in season from December to May. A moderately vigorous very spreading tree with slender growth. Best grown as a full standard or free-growing bush. A tip-bearer, it crops lightly to moderately. Only suitable for the warmer areas of Britain, doing best in warm wet climates like Cornwall. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Cornish Pine’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is soft, coarse, sweet, slightly subacid and aromatic. In season December to March. A moderately sized tree with vigorous growth, cropping is usally good. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Court Pendu Plat’
A medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is very firm, fairly juicy, aromatic with a rich flavour and a good balance of acid and sugar. In season from December to May. A small, weak-growing tree, it is upright-spreading and productive. Very hardy, it is suitable for heavy clay soils and succeeds in N. Britain. It requires a sunny position. Resists scab. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Crawley Beauty’
A medium to large dual purpose apple with a firm, not very juicy flesh. It becomes soft and sweet in the spring. Tart with a fairly good flavour for dessert, it improves with cooking. Available from November to April. A vigorous but upright compact tree, it succeeds in all soils and in all areas, growing well in the north. Resists most diseases and is free from scab Cropping is heavy and consistent. It flowers very late, later than almost any other apple cultivar. Full flower day . Self-compatible. Harvest the fruit in mid November.
‘Devonshire Quarrendon’
A small to medium fruit with a crisp firm very juicy flesh and a distinctive vinous flavour. In season during August and September. The tree is moderately vigorous, upright but becoming spreading with age. A very hardy tree, it prefers growing in a grass orchard. Susceptible to scab, otherwise it thrives in the West Country. Bears abundantly according to one report, but according to others it only crops well in favourable conditions[. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use.
‘Discovery’
A medium small dessert apple with a firm, crisp, juicy, sweet flesh that is fine textured and well flavoured for a summer apple. In season August to September. A moderately vigorous upright spreading tree. It is slow to begin cropping but is then very productive. Trees are inclined to be tip-bearing. Flowers are resistant to frost. Resists scab. A very old English variety. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as it is required for use.
‘Duke of Devonshire’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, slightly subacid with a good flavour. In season January to April. A moderate sized tree, it is vigorous, upright and hardy. The cropping is good and reliable. Very scab-resistant. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Easter Orange’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, sweet and aromatic. In season December to March. A very vigorous large tree, with a neat habit. It crops well. Resists scab. Full flower day . The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
'Edward V
A medium to large dual purpose apple, the flesh is very firm but tender, rather coarse, juicy and acid, cooking to a puree. It becomes mellow in the spring with a rich sweet flavour. In season from December to July. A moderate sized strong growing upright tree, it does well in the north of Britain. Moderately productive, but it is slow to come into bearing. Resists scab, but is prone to mildew and susceptible to capsid bugs. Full flower very late. The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Elton Beauty’
A dessert apple, the flesh is soft, aromatic, subacid. It is the best flavoured of the early yielding cultivars. In season from the end of August until December. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use and then at the end of September for storage.
‘Encore’
A cooking apple, the flesh is somewhat acid with a fair to good flavour. In season November to June. A vigorous upright tree, it is a good cropper. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Fortune’
A medium size dessert apple, the flesh is firm but tender, rather coarse-texture, sweet with a rich flavour[, , , ]. There is a slight flavour of banana. Of good quality, it is in season in September and October. A small compact tree, it comes into bearing when young and crops heavily but is inclined to be biennial. The flowers resist frost damage. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in September.
‘French Crab’
A medium size cooking apple with a very firm crisp acid very astringent flesh that is good cooked. The fruit can be stored for up to years. A vigorous hardy and productive tree. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Gala’
A medium size dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, very sweet and juicy. A very good quality dessert apple. In season from October to March. A moderately vigorous upright and spreading tree, it comes into bearing when very young and crops heavily and regularly. Resists diseases, subject to canker according to another report. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit at the end of October.
‘Gascoyne’s Scarlet’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is firm, dry, sweet and subacid. In season September to February. A very vigorous tree with long limbs, it does well on chalk. A heavy cropper. A triploid species, it needs two other cultivars growing nearby for pollination. Full flower dat . Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Gooseberry’
A cooking apple, the flesh is firm, subacid and tender. In season December to August. A moderately vigorous small tree, it is heavy cropping. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Hambledon Deux Ans’
A dual purpose apple, it is said to store for up to years.
‘Herring’s Pippin’
A large dual purpose apple, the flesh is soft, juicy, slightly coarse, aromatic with a spicy flavour. Rather dry. In season October to November. A moderately vigorous upright spreading large tree, it is well adapted to cold heavy soils. The croppping is very good and regular, even if the tree is neglected. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in early October.
‘Heusgon’s Golden Reinette’
A dessert apple, the flesh is hard, crisp, juicy and subacid. It is rather like a Blenheim Orange in flavour. In season January to April. A small tree with upright growth, it is hardy and a heavy cropper. Resists scab. Full flower late. The fruit should be harvested as late in the season as possible.
‘Howgate Wonder’
A very large-fruited cooking apple with a firm, fine-textured fairly acid flesh. It cooks to a froth. In season November to March. A very hardy vigorous spreading tree, cropping regularly and heavily. Short fruiting spurs are produced abundantly. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Ida Red’
A medium to large dual-purpose apple, the flesh is crisp, fine-grained, juicy, mild and aromatic. Of excellent dessert and cooking quality, it keeps exceptionally well, with the flavour improving whilst in storage. Of poor flavour. In season December to April. A vigorous upright tree, it is very productive but is somewhat susceptible to fireblight. It forms fruit spurs readily. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in mid October or later (when it will become bright red).
‘Ingrid Marie’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, sweet, subacid with a fair flavour. The fruit tends to crack around the cavity. In season December to April. Of moderate growth, it resists diseases and crops well. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit at the end of October.
‘Irish Peach’
A small to medium eating apple, the flesh is soft, slightly aromatic, fairly juicy with a rich vinous flavour. In season July to August. A moderately vigorous, spreading tree. Trees are slow to come into bearing and then crop irregularly. Crops well, an easy apple according to other reports. Succeeds in the north of Britain. A tip bearer. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use.
‘John Standish’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp and juicy but lacks a distinctive flavour. In season from November to March. A moderately sized tree with upright growth, it resists disease. It tends to be biennial. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Kidd’s Orange Red’
A medium to large dessert apple, the flesh is firm but tender, crisp, juicy, sweet, aromatic. Of very good quality. In season October to February. A vigorous upright tree of moderate size, it is very productive. Readily forms fruit spurs. Best suited to warm climates. Resistant to scab and mildew. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in early October.
'King of the Pippins
A medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is firm, dry, highly aromatic with a very rich flavour that is distinctive, vinous and somewhat almond-like[, , , ]. Of excellent quality, it is in season from October to March. A moderately vigorous upright hardy tree, it is very productive but tends to be biennial. Susceptible to canker but resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in mid October.
‘King’s Acre Pippin’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, subacid and richly flavoured. In season December to March. A very vigorous large spreading tree, it is slow to come into bearing but then crops heavily. It is very subject to ‘Bitter Pit’. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Lamb Abbey Pearmain’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, sweet, subacid and aromatic. Of good quality. In season January to June. A moderate sized tree with vigorous upright growth. It crops well. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Laxton’s Superb’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm and sweet with a refreshing flavour. In season from November to March. A very vigorous large and much-branched tree, it crops very heavily but is inclined to be biennial. It succeeds in the north of Britain. Subject to scab. The flowers resist frost damage. Prune laterals to or buds. Full flower mid season. This cultivar is self-compatible. Harvest the fruit in early November.
‘Lord Burghley’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm sweet and rich. In season December to June. A vigorous tree, cropping is fairly good. Cropping is poor according to another report. The tree has burrs. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Lord Lambourne’
A dessert apple, the flesh is soft, juicy and sweet with a good flavour. In season October to January. A medium-sized vigorous but manageable tree, it crops regularly and heavily. It succeeds in N. Britain but dislikes damp districts. Does well as a standard. Full flower day . This cultivar is self-compatible. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Margil’
A small to medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is firm, rather dry, sweet, rich and aromatic. It is one of the best flavoured apples. In season November to May. An exceedingly small weak-growing tree, it is well suited to small gardens[, , , ]. Crops well in all districts and is suitable for windy gardens. Cropping is light according to another report, whilst another says that it tends to overcrop. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October.
‘May Queen’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp with an unusual sweet subacid flavour. It is sometimes astringent. Dry and nutty. The fruit tends to shrivel prematurely. In season November to May. A small slender tree, it crops lightly according to one report, whilst others say that it crops heavily. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Melrose’
A medium to large dual purpose apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, juicy, slightly acid with a rich flavour. Of excellent quality. In season December to April. A fairly vigorous tree, it crops well, but is susceptible to ‘Fireblight’. It requires a position in full sun if the fruit is to colour well. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Merton Worcester’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, sweet and aromatic. In season September to October. A vigorous spreading tree, it crops well and regularly. Suitable for growing in N. Britain, it prefers drier districts. A tip-bearer, but it also produces plenty of spurs. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in September.
‘Monarch’
A dual purpose apple with a large fruit, the flesh is soft and acid. Bruises easily. An excellent apple for grilling, it becomes mellow in January and is then suitable for dessert. In season November to May. A vigorous productive tree, cropping is usually regular and heavy but there is a tendency towards biennial bearing. The wood is brittle and might need support. Resistant to scab and other diseases. Full flower day . This cultivar is self-compatible. Harvest the fruit in November.
‘Nonpareil’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sweet and aromatic. In season January to May. A small tree, it is somewhat tender and susceptible to canker in cold wet soils. It thrives and bears well in good soils and situations. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit in October or November
‘Ontario’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is sweet, subacid, crisp and juicy. In season November to May. A moderately sized tree, it has vigorous sturdy growth. Cropping is good and regular, but there is a tendancy to be biennial. The flowers resist frost damage. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Orlean’s Reinette’
A medium to large dessert apple, the flesh is very crisp, very juicy, sweet with a distinct rich nutty flavour. In season November to April. A vigorous upright spreading tree, it is hardy and a prolific cropper. Plants are very hardy but are susceptible to scab in a poor soil. Otherwise, they are seldom bothered by disease. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Oslin’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, very rich, sweet and juicy. It has a peculiar brisk and highly aromatic flavour - an excellent apple. In season August to September. A reasonably hardy, moderate size tree, it crops well. It does not grow well in highly manured soils. Subject to canker. Full flower day mid season. Harvest the fruit as required in August and September.
‘Page One’
A small dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, sweet, juicy and subacid. In season August to November. A medium-size upright tree, it crops regularly and heavily. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit as required in August and early September, in mid September to store.
‘Pitmaston Pineapple’
A small dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, very juicy, sweet, sub-acid, rich, with somewhat of a pineapple flavour. In season September to February. A small upright very productive tree, it is very suitable for small gardens. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in September.
‘Powell’s Russet’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, rich and sweet. In season February to June. A small upright tree, it comes into bearing quickly. Grows well in west Britain, it is the best russet for moist areas. Full flower day mid season. Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Ribston Pippin’
A medium to large dessert apple, the flesh is very firm, crisp, fine-grained, richly sweet, very aromatic. An apple of excellent quality. In season November to March. A vigorous spreading moderate sized tree. Succeeds in N. Britain. Cropping is regular, but sometimes light. Bears fruit on short spurs so prune laterals to or buds. Susceptible to canker when grown in poor soils. Requires plenty of moisture at its roots. Resists scab. A triploid cultivar, it cannot be relied upon to pollinate other trees. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Ross Nonpareil’
A small to medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, sweet and aromatic with a pronounced anise-like flavour. In season October to February. A moderately vigorous upright and productive tree. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Roundway Magnum Bomum’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, rather dry, sweet with a distinctive rather pear-like flavour. In season November to April. A moderately sized tree with vigorous growth, cropping is fairly good. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Roxbury Russet’
A medium to large dessert apple, the flesh is firm, somewhat coarse, juicy, sprightly subacid. Sweet, crisp and rich. Of good to very good dessert quality, it is an excellent juice and cider. In season January to May. A large vigorous roundish-spreading tree, it is productive but tends towards biennial bearing. It crops well, even in unfavourable seasons. Full flower very early. Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Sam Young’
A dessert apple, the flesh is rich, juicy and highly flavoured. The fruit is apt to crack. In season November to February. A moderate sized tree, it crops well. Succeeds on a cold clay soil. Full flower not known. Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Sanspareil’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, sweet, aromatic and well-flavoured. In season December to March. A moderate sized vigorous hardy tree, it crops well. Disease resistant. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Spartan’
A medium size dessert apple, the flesh is very firm, crisp, juicy, fairly sweet. The quality and texture are very good. In season November to March. A moderately vigorous upright spreading tree, it crops heavily and regularly. Fruit spurs are freely produced. Disease resistant. The flowers resist damage by frost. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘St Edmund’s Pippin’
A small to medium dessert apple, it is fairly firm, tender, juicy. The flavour is very rich and quite sweet but with a nice balance of acidity. A good russet flavour. In season from late September to November, though it does not store well. A fairly vigorous upright spreading small tree, it crops very well but tends to overcrop and produce small fruit. Very hardy, it is suitable for northern areas, though it grows best in the east. A tip bearer. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use and in October to store.
‘ST Wright’
A very large cooking apple, the flesh is firm and acid. In season October to November. A large vigorous tree. Full flower not known. Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Sturmer Pippin’
A medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is very firm, crisp, juicy, rich and subacid. A gooseberry-like flavour. A good content of vitamin C. Of excellent quality, it is in season from November but continues to ripen in storage and is at its best from February to June. It requires a warm summer and lots of autumn sunshine to ripen properl. The tree is moderately vigorous, compact and productiv. It grows best in the West Country. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Sunset’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, sweet, slightly acid and aromatic. A moderately vigorous compact tree, it crops regularly and heavily even when young. Prune the laterals to or buds. Prefers a heavy loam. Resists scab. Full flower day . This cultivar is self-compatible. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Suntan’
A dessert apple, it has a rich sweet aromatic flavour, rather like a Cox’s Orange Pippin. In season October to February. A moderately sized tree. Disease resistant, but susceptible to ‘Bitter Pit’. The blossom resists damage by frost. This cultivar is a cross between Cox’s Orange Pippin and ‘Court Pendu Plat’ and is more suitable than the Cox for growing in the wetter and cooler parts of Britain. Low temperature breakdown of the fruit occurs at temperatures below °c. A triploid, its pollen cannot be relied upon to fertilize other trees. Full flower mid season. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Tuscan’
A dessert apple, the flesh is fairly sweet. A vigorous columnar tree, it does not produce side branches. Full flower not known. Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Tydeman’s Late Orange’
A medium-sized dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, sweet, subacid, aromatic and rich. Of excellent quality, it is in season from December to April. A vigorous upright-spreading and productive tree. It grows best in the drier areas of Britain. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October to November.
‘Wagener’
A medium to large dessert apple, it is fine-grained, crisp, juicy, sub-acid, aromatic, sprightly. Of excellent quality, it is in season December to April. A small to medium moderately vigorous tree it crops very heavily though it tends to be biennial. Resists scab. The blossoms resist damabe by frost. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Winston’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, juicy, sweet, slightly subacid and aromatic. In season ? A vigorous upright tree, it crops very heavily though it tends to overcrop and produce small fruits. It succeeds in all soils and also in N. Britain. Resists disease, including scab. Full flower day . This cultivar is self-compatible. Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
‘Woolbrook Russet’
A dual purpose apple, the flesh is firm, juicy and somewhat acid. It makes a delicious dessert apple in the New Year. In season November to April. A vigorous and upright moderately sized tree, it crops regularly. It bears especially well in light soils. Resists scab. Full flower late season. Harvest the fruit in October or November.
‘Worcester Cross’
A dessert apple, the flesh is firm, fairly crisp and fairly sweet. In season October to December. A fairly vigorous small hardy tree, it crops well. Resists scab. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit in October.
‘Worcester Pearmain’
A dessert apple, the flesh is crisp, fairly juicy, sweet and with a good flavour when it is properly ripened and eaten straight from the tree. In season August to October. A large, hardy, moderately vigorous fairly upright tree, it crops regularly. Succeeds on most soils. Disease free, though another report says that it is susceptible to scab. The flowers are fairly resistant to frost damage. A tip bearer. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as required for immediate use.
‘Wyken Pippin’
A small dessert apple, the flesh is firm, crisp, sweet, slightly aromatic with a good flavour. In season from December to March. A small hardy compact upright tree, it is very productive even when young. It requires a moist soil. Full flower day . Harvest the fruit as late in the season as possible.
Recipes made mainly with this Fruit
Cooking apple
A cooking apple is an apple that is used primarily for cooking rather than eating fresh. Cooking apples are larger, and can be less sweet and more sour than eating varieties. Some varieties have a firm flesh that doesn’t break down too much when cooked. Only the British grow a large range of apples specifically for cooking. For example the French tend to use eating apples for cooking purposes. Some apples are dual-purpose, often becoming sweeter and softer under storage.
Cultivars can be divided into apples which are cooked whole (or in large segments) in the oven and become soft and fluffy and those which retain their shape. These apples are often aromatic (e.g. Newton Wonder or Peasgood Nonesuch). Other variety such as Bramley or Golden Noble are cut into small segments for pies, tarts etc. Bramley is by far the most popular cooking apple in the UK, as it grows easily to a large size, keeps well and cooks well. However the flavour is sharp and simple and it has limited aroma compared to, for example, Golden Noble.
Apples can be baked in an oven and served with custard or put into an apple pie or apple crumble. In the UK apples are boiled and mashed and served as apple sauce with roast pork.
A baked apple is one that has been baked in an oven until it has become soft. The core is usually removed and often stuffed with fruits, brown sugar, raisins, or cinnamon.